The paper examines how dissensus over liberal democracy in certain areas manifests in four Member States: Hungary, Poland, Belgium and the Netherlands. Each case illustrates systemic tensions and legal challenges that not only threaten the fundamental values enshrined in Article 2 of TEU and the Charter but also cause problems in the application and enforcement of EU law as well as the operation of EU legal institutions and mechanisms. Each Member State also illustrates how dissensus may manifest itself in specific areas: Hungary constitutes an example of destructive dissensus, while Poland moved from disruptive to destructive dissensus under the PiS government. On the other hand, Belgium and the Netherlands constitute examples of mild dissensus, with disagreements on precise issues. No case study reflects a situation of severe dissensus.