The aim of this paper by authors, Saskia Hollander (Clingendael), Andrea Capati (Luiss Guido Carli University, Rome) and Marta Riggio (Clingendael), is to shed light on the democratic legitimacy of Next Generation EU (NGEU), and in particular the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). The paper explores how the RRF has been discussed and handled in the Dutch and Italian parliaments. It analyses the debates held and examines the ways in which they scrutinised the adoption of its various legal acts, as well as the drafting of the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) in these two countries.